Ubuntu means: 'humanity to others'

ubuntu |oǒ'boǒntoō|

Ubuntu is an ancient African word meaning 'humanity to others'. It also means 'I am what I am because of who we all are'. The Ubuntu operating system brings the spirit of Ubuntu to the world of computers.

Source: http://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu

Ubuntu-Women: Ubuntu for women

Ubuntu-Women is a team functioning under Ubuntu to provide a platform and encouragement for women to contribute to Ubuntu-Linux, a Debian based free and open-source GNU/Linux software. The main role will be along the lines of supplementing and being the stepping stone toward the larger Ubuntu-Linux world. Membership is open to all.

- www.ubuntu-women.org

Free "Ubuntu Software Centre" User Guide

The "Ubuntu Software Centre" User Guide uses plenty of screenshots to illustrate instructions and ideas, and by using accessible language ensures that even the tech-illiterate can understand the points being made with clarity.

Download FREE Ubuntu Software Center user guide.

Fotoxx for Linux: Create HDR photos using

Fotoxx is a program for improving digital photos. It allows you to navigate through large image directories using a window of thumbnail images, create HDR (high dynamic range) images by combining bright and dark images to improve details visible in both bright and dark areas, create panoramas by joining overlapped images, adjust brightness and color intensity independently for different underlying brightness levels, reduce fog or haze by removing "whiteness" and intensifying colors, rotate an image (level a tilted image or turn 90 degrees), remove red-eyes from electronic flash photos, sharpen, resize, or crop images, reduce noise in low-light photos, change color depth, and stretch an image by dragging the mouse.

It can be installed at Ubuntu Software Center.

Web site: http://kornelix.squarespace.com/fotoxx/

Fotoxx - HDR

Make an HDR (high dynamic range) image from 4 poorly aligned photos having an 8X brightness range. Adjust input image contributions. Adjust brightness distribution of output. Increase color depth. Enhance details with tone mapping.

FBReader: e-book reader (can read ePub)

FBReader is a e-book reader, it can be downloaded on Ubuntu Software Center by searching "FBReader".

web site: http://www.fbreader.org/

Main features:

• supports several open e-book formats: fb2, html, chm, plucker, palmdoc, ztxt, tcr (psion text), rtf, oeb, openreader, non-DRM'ed mobipocket, plain text, epub, eReader
• reads directly from tar, zip, gzip, bzip2 archives (you can have several books in one archive)
• supports a structured view of your e-book collection
• automatically determines encodings
• automatically generates a table of contents
• keeps the last open book and the last read positions for all open books between runs
• automatic hyphenation (patterns for several languages are included)
• searching and downloading books from www.feedbooks.com and www.litres.ru
• partial CSS support for epub files

FBReader support Android also. Link to Android Market

Bluefish - editor for programmers and web designers

Bluefish is a powerful editor targeted towards programmers and webdesigners, with many options to write websites, scripts and programming code. Bluefish supports many programming and markup languages, and it focuses on editing dynamic and interactive websites. Bluefish is an open source development project, released under the GNU GPL licence.

Bluefish runs on most (maybe all?) POSIX compatible operating systems including Linux, FreeBSD, MacOS-X, OpenBSD and Solaris, and in addition it runs on Windows.

Introduction to Bluefish 2.2.0


Website: http://bluefish.openoffice.nl/

Install traditional GNOME desktop on Ubuntu 11.10

There are no GNOME desktop installed on Ubuntu 11.10 by default. To re-install it, open Terminal and enter the command:

$ sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

After install, log-out and log-in again. In the log-in screen, click on the Gear icon, you can select GNOME, GNOME Classic and GNOME Classic (no effects).

apps.ubuntu.com: access Ubuntu Software Center on-line

http://apps.ubuntu.com is a on-line version of Ubuntu Software Center. You can browse various software available in various catalogs, for various version of Ubuntu, in any inter-net connected browser.

SMPlayer: a front-end for MPlayer

SMPlayer intends to be a complete front-end for MPlayer, from basic features like playing videos, DVDs, and VCDs to more advanced features like support for MPlayer filters and more.

One of the most interesting features of SMPlayer: it remembers the settings of all files you play. So you start to watch a movie but you have to leave... don't worry, when you open that movie again it will resume at the same point you left it, and with the same settings: audio track, subtitles, volume...

Other additional interesting features:

• Configurable subtitles. You can choose font and size, and even colors for the subtitles.
• Audio track switching. You can choose the audio track you want to listen. Works with avi and mkv. And of course with DVDs.
• Seeking by mouse wheel. You can use your mouse wheel to go forward or backward in the video.
• Video equalizer, allows you to adjust the brightness, contrast, hue, saturation and gamma of the video image.
• Multiple speed playback. You can play at 2X, 4X... and even in slow motion.
• Filters. Several filters are available: deinterlace, postprocessing, denoise... and even a karaoke filter (voice removal).
• Audio and subtitles delay adjustment. Allows you to sync audio and subtitles.
• Advanced options, such as selecting a demuxer or video & audio codecs.
• Playlist. Allows you to enqueue several files to be played one after each other. Autorepeat and shuffle supported too.
• Preferences dialog. You can easily configure every option of SMPlayer by using a nice preferences dialog.
• Possibility to search automatically for subtitles in opensubtitles.org.
• Translations: currently SMPlayer is translated into more than 20 languages, including Spanish, German, French, Italian, Russian, Chinese, Japanese....
• It's multiplatform. Binaries available for Windows and Linux.
• SMPlayer is under the GPL license.

Install PDF printer in Ubuntu - cups-pdf

To install PDF printer in Ubuntu, using cups-pdf: Start a Terminal and enter the command:

$sudo apt-get install cups-pdf

Then add your new printer for PDF:

In Ubuntu menu, Click System -> Administration -> Printing

Click the Add button.


Select Generic CUPS-PEF, click Forward


It will start a search Dialog.


Select Generic and click Forward.


Simple accept the recommended setting: CUPS-PDF/Generic CUPS-PDF Printer[en]


Click Apply


Finally, you can test it.



The output files will be saved in PDF folder under your HOME.

Set default browser for Ubuntu Linux

In Ubuntu menu, click System->Preferences->Preferred Applications

then you can select your expect browser as default.

Install JDK7 (javac) on ubuntu 11.10

The last article "Install Java 1.7.0 on ubuntu 11.10" described how to install JRE 1.7.0 on ubuntu 11.10, if you are looking for how to install JDK7, javac, on Ubuntu 11.10, here is the steps:

- Follow the steps in last article "Install Java 1.7.0 on ubuntu 11.10" to download JDK7, un-compress and move to /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0.

- Check the installed javac
$ sudo update-alternatives --config javac
For a flash installed Ubuntu, there should be no javac installed.

- Install javac
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0/bin/javac 1
Note: The last parameter is "priority", it is an integer; options with higher numbers have higher priority in automatic mode.

Install Java 1.7.0 on ubuntu 11.10

- Download JDK7 from http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/java-se-jdk-7-download-432154.html

Select "Linux x86 - Compressed Binary" jdk-7-linux-i586.tar.gz



- Start Terminal, switch to the downloaded folder, and uncompress it.
$ tar -xvf jdk-7-linux-i586.tar.gz

- Move the un-compressed files to /usr/lib
$ sudo mv ./jdk1.7.0 /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0

- Check the current alternative java installed.
$ sudo update-alternatives --config java

For a flash Ubuntu 11.10, it's only ONE java installed.

- Install the new alternative java
$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0/jre/bin/java 1

Note: The last parameter is "priority", it is an integer; options with higher numbers have higher priority in automatic mode.

- Re-check the current alternative java installed and select the active java.
$ sudo update-alternatives --config java

- Finally check the java version.
$ java -version



It's steps to install JRE 1.7.0, not JDK. If you are looking for install JDK7 (Javac), please refer to the article "Install JDK7 (javac) on ubuntu 11.10".

Shortcut to start Terminal in Ubuntu

Terminal is a useful tools for Linux, it can be strated by press pressing the keys [Ctrl] + [Alt] + T simultaneously.

Install Google Chrome on Ubuntu 11.10

Install Google Chrome on Ubuntu 11.10 as normal way: Download deb package and click to install will be complained for Internal Error:


Follow the steps to install Google Chrome on Ubuntu 11.10:

- Download deb package of Google Chrome to your local folder, eg. /Downloads/

- Open Terminal and switch to the downloaded folder.

- type the command
$sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb

Enter password and continuous, error will be reported in this step.

- type the command
$sudo apt-get install -f


Finished! Google Chrome will be installed:)

darktable: an open source photography workflow application and RAW developer

darktable is an open source photography workflow application and RAW developer. A virtual lighttable and darkroom for photographers. It manages your digital negatives in a database, lets you view them through a zoomable lighttable and enables you to develop raw images and enhance them.

http://www.darktable.org/


For Ubuntu (11.04), type the command in Terminal.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pmjdebruijn/darktable-release
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pmjdebruijn/darktable-release-plus
sudo apt-get update

Then Search "darktable" in Ubuntu Software Center to install.

Sound Juicer

Sound Juicer is a clean, mean, and lean CD ripper for GNOME 2.

It sports a clean interface and simple preferences, aiming to do The Right Thing and What You Mean all of the time. It requires GNOME and GStreamer.

It can be installed in Ubuntu Software Center, by searching "Sound Juicer".

A CD ripper for GNOME which aims to have a simple, clean, easy to use interface.

The package includes support by default for Vorbis and FLAC formats. For other supports you need the following packages:

• gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly to encode to MP2,


• gstreamer0.10-lame (not available in the Debian archive) to encode to MP3,


• gstreamer0.10-plugins-really-bad (not available in Debian) to encode to AAC.

Rip CD to MP3 in Ubuntu

Ubuntu Documentation have a good document describe about CDRipping:

- https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CDRipping

Xubuntu

Xubuntu is a community developed, Ubuntu-based Linux operating system that is well-suited for both laptops and desktops. It contains all the applications you need - a web browser, document and spreadsheet editing software, instant messaging and much more.

Xubuntu 11.04 is now available!

http://www.xubuntu.org/

Install GTK+ on Ubuntu

The GTK+ is a multi-platform toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces. Offering a complete set of widgets, the GTK+ is suitable for projects ranging from small one-off tools to complete application suites.

The package contains the header files and static libraries which is needed for developing the GTK+ applications.

To install GTK+ on Ubuntu 11.04
- Start Synaptic Package Manager, in System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager.
- Search "libgtk-3-dev".
- Mark to instal, and also the required components.
- Click Apply.

Anjuta DevStudio: GNOME Integrated Development Environment

Anjuta DevStudio is a versatile software development studio featuring a number of advanced programming facilities including project management, application wizard, interactive debugger, source editor, version control, GUI designer, profiler and many more tools. It focuses on providing simple and usable user interface, yet powerful for efficient development.

web site: http://www.anjuta.org/

Kdenlive: a free and open-source video editor for Linux

Kdenlive is a free open-source video editor for GNU/Linux and FreeBSD, which supports DV, AVCHD and HDV editing. Kdenlive relies on several other open source projects, such as FFmpeg, the MLT video framework and Frei0r effects.

Powerful features

Kdenlive is the most versatile video editor available today:

• Support for a wide range of camcorders and cameras, including:
  1. Low resolution camcorder (Raw and AVI DV editing).
  2. Mpeg2, mpeg4 and h264 AVCHD (small cameras and camcorders).
  3. High resolution camcorder files, including HDV and AVCHD camcorders.
  4. Professional camcorders, including XDCAM-HD™ streams, IMX™ (D10) streams, DVCAM (D10) , DVCAM, DVCPRO™, DVCPRO50™ streams and DNxHD™ streams (decoding only, encoding untested). Please note that Kdenlive does not offer the original codecs, but only that we use FFmpeg free software codecs, which can read original streams and sometimes export as well. When you own a camcorder, there is no reason why you should not be able to read your own films.
• Multitrack edition with a timeline and unlimited number of video and audio tracks.
• Video and audio tracks organized in layers.
• Tools to create, move, crop and delete video clips, audio clips, text clips and image clips.
• Configurable keyboard shortcuts and interface layouts.
• A wide range of effects and transitions. Ability to add custom effects and transitions.
• Non-blocking rendering using a rendering separate application. Stop, pause and restart rendering. Continue to work on your project without any possible loss of data.
• Export to standard formats:
  1. DV (PAL and NTSC).
  2. Mpeg2 (PAL, NTSC and HDV) and AVCHD (HDV).
  3. High quality h264.
  4. Non-destructive formats.

Link: - http://www.kdenlive.org/

Photivo, handle RAW on Linux

Photivo is a free and open source (GPL3) photo processor. It handles your RAW files as well as your bitmap files (TIFF, JPEG, BMP, PNG and many more) in a non-destructive 16 bit processing pipe with gimp workflow integration and batch mode.

Features

• 16-bit internal processing, color managed with LCMS2.
• Gimp workflow integration (import and export)
• Works with RAWs and Bitmaps (8 bit bitmaps are transformed and processed with 16 bit, which usually gives better results).
• CA correction, Green equilibration, line denoise, badpixel reduction, wavelet denoise, median filters on RAW data.
• Perspective correction (tilt and turn), distorsion and geometry (also defish) correction
• Demosaicing: Bilinear, VNG, VNG4, PPG, AHD, DCB, mod. AHD, VCD, LMMSE, AMaZE (needs work!).
• RGB, R, G, B, L*, a*, b*, Texture, Detail, Denoise, Hue, Saturation, L* by Hue, Base curve.
• Tonemapping (Reinhard 05 (RGB Brighten), Fattal et al. (Dynamic range compress)).
• Several local contrast filters (HiRaLoAm (Local contrast), texture contrast, local contrast stretch).
• Sharpen (Edge avoiding wavlets, USM, Highpass, Inverse diffusion, Wiener filter, Gradient sharpen).
• Denoise, seperately on Luminance and Color (Edge avoiding wavelets, GreyCStoration, Wavelet, Masked bilateral, Pyramid) and via a hue or luminance sensitive denoise curve.
• Adaptive saturation.
• Film grain simulation.
• Black and white conversion.
• (Split) Toning.
• Cross processing.
• Gradual overlay (like Cokin(R) GND filters).
• Vignetting.
• Softglow / Orton.
• Texture overlay (external texture)
• Fake tilt/shift, toy effect
• Batch mode
• Translations: Dutch, French, German, Italian and Russian.

link: - http://photivo.org/

andLinux, run Linux natively inside Windows

andLinux is a complete Ubuntu Linux system running seamlessly in Windows 2000 based systems (2000, XP, 2003, Vista, 7; 32-bit versions only). This project was started for Dynamism for the GP2X community, but its userbase far exceeds its original design. andLinux is free and will remain so, but donations are greatly needed.

andLinux uses coLinux as its core which is confusing for many people. coLinux is a port of the Linux kernel to Windows. Although this technology is a bit like running Linux in a virtual machine, coLinux differs itself by being more of a merger of Windows and the Linux kernel and not an emulated PC, making it more efficient. Xming is used as X server and PulseAudio as sound server.

andLinux is not just for development and runs almost all Linux applications without modification.

Link:
- andlinux.org

SciTE: a SCIntilla based Text Editor

SciTE is currently available for Intel Windows (XP or later) and Linux compatible operating systems with GTK+. It has been run on Windows 7 and on Fedora 12 and Ubuntu 10.10 with GTK+ 2.20.

link: http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html

JavaScript PC Emulator

This PC emulator is written in Javascript. The emulated hardware consists in the following devices:

- 32 bit x86 compatible CPU
- 8259 Programmble Interrupt Controller
- 8254 Programmble Interrupt Timer
- 16450 UART
- Real Time Clock.

The code is written in pure Javascript using the W3C Typed Arrays. A slightly slower fallback mode is implemented for browsers missing this support. For the exact list of supported browsers, see the FAQ. In any case, a fast Javascript engine is needed to have good performance.

link:
- http://bellard.org/jslinux/

FreeNAS 8 - Released

The release of FreeNAS 8 includes major architectural optimizations, a django-driven user interface, and ZFS - lending us some useful features like thin provisioning, periodic snapshots, LDAP and Active Directory authorization along with the most popular platform sharing protocols.

FreeNAS 8 retains enterprise-class services while eliminating some "Home User" functionality such as iTunes/DAAP, Bit Torrent, and UPnP. These features will make it back as third-party plugins at a later date. You may have noticed FreeNAS.org has changed a bit...

- http://freenas.org/

FreeNAS is a free, open source, Network-Attached Storage operating system based on FreeBSD. it uses a custom version of FreeBSD and a web-based interface to provide a fully-featured NAS environment. FreeNAS offers software-based storage and backup solutions for a variety of applications, from home to enterprise.

Install Sun Java JDK on Ubuntu 11.04

$sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner"
$sudo apt-get update
$sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk

Ubuntu 11.04 Released

The release of Ubuntu 11.04 has seen the arrival of a new look and feel for Ubuntu. A whizzy, new launcher and dash, and a clever workspace manager are some of the biggest changes. Take a look at what’s new and then feel free to choose between the classic and new desktop experiences at login.

- http://www.ubuntu.com/

What's new in Ubuntu 11.04? from Canonical Design on Vimeo.

How to compare files in Linux, diff

To compare files in Linux, you can use the command "diff".

How to install Gnome3 on ubuntu 11.04/10.10

Install Gnome3 on ubuntu 11.04

Open the terminal and run the following commands

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

For ubuntu 10.10 users

Open the terminal and run the following commands

Note:- This PPA works but it is outdated

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-desktop/gnome3-builds
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gnome3-session

After completing the installation Log out and back in, selecting the GNOME Session in GDM

Remove Gnome3 from ubuntu 11.04

Open the terminal and run the following commands

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3

Source:
- Ubuntu Geek: How to install Gnome3 on ubuntu 11.04 (Natty)/Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick)


Alternatively, it can be installed using Synaptic Package Manager.

Code::Blocks: a free C++ IDE

Code::Blocks is a free C++ IDE built to meet the most demanding needs of its users. It is designed to be very extensible and fully configurable.

Finally, an IDE with all the features you need, having a consistent look, feel and operation across platforms.

Built around a plugin framework, Code::Blocks can be extended with plugins. Any kind of functionality can be added by installing/coding a plugin. For instance, compiling and debugging functionality is already provided by plugins!

http://www.codeblocks.org/

Re-install Transmission BitTorrent Client

Transmission is my favorite BitTorrent Client in Ubuntu, so far. One day, Transmission cannot be started. When I click on the icon, nothing happen. And i cannot re-install it, using both Ubuntu Software Center and Synaptic Package Manager.

Finally, I re-install it using the commands:

$sudo add-apt-repository ppa:transmissionbt/ppa

$sudo apt-get update

$sudo apt-get install transmission

It's work again now:)

Install gcc-3.4 on Ubuntu 10.10

To Install gcc-3.4 on Ubuntu 10.10, you need to download and install:

- gcc-3.4-base
http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy-updates/gcc-3.4-base

- cpp-3.4
http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy-updates/cpp-3.4

- gcc-3.4
http://packages.ubuntu.com/hardy-updates/gcc-3.4

On each downloaded files, right click and select "Open with Ubuntu Software Center".

Finally, type the command to make gcc-3.4 as default.
~$export CC=gcc-3.4

İnstall git on Linux

To install git on Linux, you need to have right of su.
~$sudo apt-get install git

QEMU: a open source machine emulator and virtualizer

QEMU is a generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer.

When used as a machine emulator, QEMU can run OSes and programs made for one machine (e.g. an ARM board) on a different machine (e.g. your own PC). By using dynamic translation, it achieves very good performance.

When used as a virtualizer, QEMU achieves near native performances by executing the guest code directly on the host CPU. QEMU supports virtualization when executing under the Xen hypervisor or using the KVM kernel module in Linux. When using KVM, QEMU can virtualize x86, server and embedded PowerPC, and S390 guests.

Link:
- http://wiki.qemu.org/Main_Page



To install QEMU on Ubuntu:
~$sudo apt-get install qemu

Install Ubuntu on VirtualBox running in Windows host

- Download Oracle VM VirtualBox from http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/virtualbox/downloads/index.html

- Download Ubuntu Linux from http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download

- Run the downloaded VirtualBox setup and follow the steps to complete the installation.

- Run VirtualBox after installation completed.

- Create a new virtual machine by clicking on the New icon.





In order to make the target virtual machine run smoothly, I assign 1000M to virtual machine, almost half of my memory.

- Select to create new hard disk for Boot Hard Disk.




- Select size of virtual disk, 32G in my case.




- Select the new virtual machine and click Settings icon.


- Set up virtual CD/DVD driver.


- Browse to select the downloaded Linux ISO image file.

Now you can start the new virtual machine to setup Linux, just follow the normal steps of Ubuntu setup.